Next frontiers in energy system modelling: A review on challenges and the state of the art

Energy Systems Modelling is growing in relevance on providing insights and strategies to plan a carbon-neutral future. The implementation of an effective energy transition faces multiple challenges, spanning from the integration operations different carriers sectors consideration spatial temporal resolutions. In this review, we outline these challenges discuss how they have been tackled by current literature, as well pointing at directions for future research. Many existing reviews identify list common most models, but tend be grouped according type or carrier. Here take new approach structure both well-established models solution approaches along with main that modelling will deal near We focus four system face: time space; uncertainty; multi-energy; behaviour transition. findings suggest that: demand-side management applied multi-carrier lacks; prosumers explored only limited manner; general, multi-scale frameworks should established considered dimensions time, space, technology carrier; long term address uncertainty scarcely; there lack studies uncertainties related emerging technologies and; consumer one major aspect • A review key modelling. RES requires handling, Detailed multi-sector systems has grown relevance. dynamics are frontiers models.